Senin, 06 Juli 2015

TUGAS SOFTSKILL ENGLISH 2: KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS


KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

A.    Kalimat Aktif
Kalimat aktif adalah sebuah kalimat yang subjek (S) berperan sebagai pelaku yang secara aktif melakukan suatu tindakan yang dikemukakan dalam predikat (P) kepada objek (O). Dalam kalimat aktif, Sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan adalah subjek kalimat dan sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah objek. Kebanyakan kalimat dalam bahasa inggris merupakan kalimat aktif.
[Subject/Sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan] + [Verb/kata kerja] + [Object/Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan]
contoh:
The teacher(Subject) teachs(Verb) the students(Object)
B.     Kalimat Pasif
Kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya mendapat/dikenai suatu tindakan yang berupa predikat oleh objek. Dalam kalimat pasif, sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah subjek kalimat dan sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan(bersifat opsional, dapat ditulis atau tidak) ditulis dekat dengan akhir kalimat. Kita dapat menggunakan bentuk pasif jika kita berpikir bahwa sesuatu yang menerima tindakan merukanan hal yang lebih penting atau harus ditekankan kepada pendengar.  kita juga dapat menggunakan bentuk pasif jika  kita tidak tahu siapa yang melakukan tindakan atau jika  kita tidak ingin menyebutkan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.
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[Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan] + [be] + [past participle(verb 3) dari kata kerja] + [by] + [sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan]
contoh:
The students(Subject) are(be) taught(verb3) by the teacher.
Aturan-aturannya merubah kalimat dari aktif ke pasif (The rules of Passive Voice) adalah :
1.      The sentence must have oject (transitive verb). It must have question word which asks object.
2.      Object in active will be subject in passive.
3.      Subject in active will be object in passive.
4.      We must use past participle (verb-III).
5.      The arrange of sentence depends on tenses.
Active
Passive

Simple Present

 Twice a month, Tony cleans the room.
Twice a month, the room is cleaned by Tony.
Present Continuous

Right now, Sally is cleaning the floor.
Right now, the floor is being cleaned by Sally.
Simple Past

Samadi repaired the radio.
The radio was repaired by Samadi.
Past Continuous

The security was helping the customer when the thief came into the bank.
The customer was being helped by the security when the thief came into the bank.
Present Perfect

Many peoples have visited that cemetery.
That cemetery has been visited by many peoples.
Present Perfect Continuous

Recently, Joshua has been doing the job.
Recently, the job has been being done by Joshua.
Past Perfect

Gerry had repaired many computers before he received his license.
Many computers had been repaired by Gerry before he received his license.
Past Perfect Continuous

The Chef had been preparing the dinners for three years before he moved to Swiss.
The dinners had been being prepared by the Chef for three years before he moved to Swiss.
Simple Future will

Sam will finish the work by 7:00 PM.
The work will be finished by 7:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to

Sally is going to make a dinner tonight.
A dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuouswill

At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh will be cleaning the desk.
At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk will be being cleaned by Josh.
Future Continuousbe going to

At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh going to be cleaning the desk.
At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk are going to be being cleaned by Josh.
Future Perfect will

Peoples will have completed the job before the deadline.
The job will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to

Peoples are going to have completed the job before the deadline.
The job is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuouswill

Andi will have been painting the building for over six months by the time it is finished.
The building will have been being painted by Andi for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuousbe going to

Andi is going to have been painting the building for over six months by the time it is finished.
The building is going to have been being painted by Andi for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to

Jeremy used to close the window.
The window used to be closhed by Jeremy.
Would Always

My father would always make the telescope.
The telescope would always be made by my father.
Future in the Past Would

You knew Nathan would finish the job by 4:00 PM.
You knew the job would be finished by 4:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to
We thought Sarah was going to make a dinner tonight.
We thought a dinner was going to be made by Sarah tonight.





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