KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF DALAM
BAHASA INGGRIS
A.
Kalimat
Aktif
Kalimat
aktif adalah sebuah kalimat yang subjek (S) berperan sebagai pelaku yang secara
aktif melakukan suatu tindakan yang dikemukakan dalam predikat (P) kepada objek
(O). Dalam kalimat aktif, Sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan adalah subjek kalimat
dan sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah objek. Kebanyakan kalimat dalam
bahasa inggris merupakan kalimat aktif.
[Subject/Sesuatu yang melakukan
tindakan] + [Verb/kata kerja] + [Object/Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan]
contoh:
The
teacher(Subject) teachs(Verb) the students(Object)
B.
Kalimat
Pasif
Kalimat
pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya mendapat/dikenai suatu tindakan yang berupa
predikat oleh objek. Dalam kalimat pasif, sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah
subjek kalimat dan sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan(bersifat opsional, dapat
ditulis atau tidak) ditulis dekat dengan akhir kalimat. Kita dapat menggunakan
bentuk pasif jika kita berpikir bahwa sesuatu yang menerima tindakan merukanan
hal yang lebih penting atau harus ditekankan kepada pendengar. kita juga
dapat menggunakan bentuk pasif jika kita tidak tahu siapa yang melakukan
tindakan atau jika kita tidak ingin menyebutkan siapa yang melakukan
tindakan.
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[Sesuatu yang menerima tindakan] +
[be] + [past participle(verb 3) dari kata kerja] + [by] + [sesuatu yang
melakukan tindakan]
contoh:
The
students(Subject) are(be) taught(verb3) by the teacher.
Aturan-aturannya
merubah kalimat dari aktif ke pasif (The rules of Passive Voice) adalah :
1. The
sentence must have oject (transitive verb). It must have question word which
asks object.
2. Object
in active will be subject in passive.
3. Subject
in active will be object in passive.
4. We
must use past participle (verb-III).
5. The
arrange of sentence depends on tenses.
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Twice a month, Tony cleans the room.
|
Twice a month, the room is cleaned by Tony.
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, Sally is cleaning the floor.
|
Right now, the floor is being cleaned by Sally.
|
Simple Past
|
Samadi repaired the radio.
|
The radio was repaired by Samadi.
|
Past Continuous
|
The security was helping the customer when the thief came
into the bank.
|
The customer was being helped by the security when the
thief came into the bank.
|
Present Perfect
|
Many peoples have visited that cemetery.
|
That cemetery has been visited by many peoples.
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Recently, Joshua has been doing the job.
|
Recently, the job has been being done by Joshua.
|
Past Perfect
|
Gerry had repaired many computers before he received his
license.
|
Many computers had been repaired by Gerry before he
received his license.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
The Chef had been preparing the dinners for three years
before he moved to Swiss.
|
The dinners had been being prepared by the Chef for three
years before he moved to Swiss.
|
Simple Future will
|
Sam will finish the work by 7:00 PM.
|
The work will be finished by 7:00 PM.
|
Simple Future be going to
|
Sally is going to make a dinner tonight.
|
A dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
Future Continuouswill
|
At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh will be cleaning the desk.
|
At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk will be being cleaned by
Josh.
|
Future Continuousbe going to
|
At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh going to be cleaning the desk.
|
At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk are going to be being
cleaned by Josh.
|
Future Perfect will
|
Peoples will have completed the job before the deadline.
|
The job will have been completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect be going to
|
Peoples are going to have completed the job before the
deadline.
|
The job is going to have been completed before the
deadline.
|
Future Perfect Continuouswill
|
Andi will have been painting the building for over six
months by the time it is finished.
|
The building will have been being painted by Andi for
over six months by the time it is finished.
|
Future Perfect Continuousbe going to
|
Andi is going to have been painting the building for over
six months by the time it is finished.
|
The building is going to have been being painted by Andi
for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
Used to
|
Jeremy used to close the window.
|
The window used to be closhed by Jeremy.
|
Would Always
|
My father would always make the telescope.
|
The telescope would always be made by my father.
|
Future in the Past Would
|
You knew Nathan would finish the job by 4:00 PM.
|
You knew the job would be finished by 4:00 PM.
|
Future in the Past Was Going to
|
We thought Sarah was going to make a dinner tonight.
|
We thought a dinner was going to be made by Sarah
tonight.
|
Sumber
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